As a wave of regulation sweeps through the digital economy and more regulators seek to intervene, online platforms are coming under unprecedented scrutiny. Online harms is the realisation in recent years that content on the Internet can cause real harm, and that the challenge is global. Posts promoting extremism have been linked to terrorist acts, campaigns of disinformation and “fake news” have plagued democratic elections, and charities and governments have drawn attention to the staggering number of images of child sexual abuse circulating online. The risks of online harms become even more apparent as we spend more time online than ever before.