Online harms include language that directly harms specific individuals and members of target groups (such as bullying, hate speech attacks, incendiary and dehumanizing language, or trolling), and some indirect harms (such as spread of propaganda and disinformation, as well as the use of “othering” or divisive rhetoric).
Reference：
Scheffler, Solopova, V., & Popa-Wyatt, M. (2021). The Telegram Chronicles of Online Harm. Journal of Open Humanities Data, 7. https://doi.org/10.5334/johd.31